Educational_service

Explain non-verbal method of communication? How gesture and posture help in communication.

2006-11-25T03:44:00.000-08:00

Explain non-verbal method of communication? How gesture and posture help in communication.

Non-verbal method of communication can be consciously crated and use with both written and oral communication. Graphics of all kinds can enrich the message presented in a document or in a speech. Pictures, maps, charts, graphs and diagrams ass qualities and clarity to verbal message.
Methods of non verbal communication.

Non-verbal methods may be visual or auditory. Visual methods are those which are seen and auditory methods are those which are head, signs, pictures, colors, design and visual: sounds, bells tunes and whistles are auditory.

Visual symbols:-
Colour:-

Colur is a very important and powerful means of communication. Colour is so much a part of our daily life. It has also psychological effects. Besides this traffic signals colour is mainly used for identification and classification.
Graph and charts:-

Graphs and charts are representation of statatical information and can be made in different ways, special skills and technique are needed to prepare them; they can not be understood by the uneducated; even educated person need explanation and training before they can follow a chat or a graph. There are great advantages in this method of presenting deistical data.

Maps:-
Maps are representation of territory and are used for conveying the space relationship between places. They are used for geographical information of all kinds, such as transport routes, climatic conditions, distributions of populations, animal’s life and vegetations, sociological facts like religion, health and nutrition can also be represented by maps.

Signs and signals, Auditory symbols,Gesture&Posture

2006-11-25T03:38:00.001-08:00

Signs and signals:-

Signs and signals communicate instantly; there, they are most useful in communicating simple but important ideas, traffic signs must instantly convey information to the drivers about what lies ahead on the road.

A signs is a mark used as a reperestion of something for example ‘+’ for “ plus”, and ‘*’ for “multiply”, ‘skull and cross-bones’ for ‘dangers’.
Auditory symbols:-

Auditory symbols very limitedly used. Sound signals- are used mainly for warning; in a war time;. Sirens are used to warn about enemy. And some time other like fires. Whistle is used by police and the army to call members to assemble, and to convey different instructions. Tunes are often used as identifications marks. Programmers on the radio and the T.V. are introduce with a signature tune, advertisement on media are also recognized by tunes.
So. Above these are the methods of non-verbal communication.
Gesture:-

Gesture are movements of hands or head or body; they are a natural accomplishment of speech; a person who does not make any movement while speaking appears some what stiff and mechanical. Gesture may not have specific or definite meanings; as gesture are closely related to personality, no two persons make exactly the same gesture; yet the general meaning is easily recognized.

The occasion and the size and nature of the audience influence the speakers gesture. On very formal occasion. Like an employment interview or conference, the speaker would naturally used fewer gestures. T.V. news readers keep gesture and even head movement under strict control in a more relaxed situation, however, gesture are used more freely.
Posture:-

Posture is the way we hold over selves. Though difficult to interrupt. It contributes much to communication. The way we stand to sit indicates something about our feelings and thoughts, attitudes and health. Sitting stiffly, may show tension; comfortably learning back conveys a relax mood, eagerly learning forward shows the listeners interest in the speakers.

So, in such a way gesture and posture used in non-verbal way of communication.

What are the types of communication? What is mean by face-to-face communication? What are advantages and disadvantages?

2006-11-25T03:38:00.000-08:00

What are the types of communication? What is mean by face-to-face communication? What are advantages and disadvantages?

We communicate by exchanging symbols to describe our ideas and experience. Language is a common symbol system, which we use for sharing our experience with others. We can also use others symbols like picture, color, signs, and sounds to communicate. We do communicate a number of things by our facial experiences, moreover, clothing and so on, where we speak or not.

There are mainly two type of communication: -

1) Verbal Communication: -
2) Non- Verbal Communication: -

Communication through words is called verbal Communication:
Communication through other symbols is called non-verbal Communication:

Verbal Communication: -

2006-11-25T03:09:00.002-08:00

Verbal Communication:-

We use verbal communication for most purposes. Verbal communication may be spoken or written.
Oral communication:-

Oral communication occurs in situations like conversation, telephone talk, interviews, presentations, and meetings
Face to face conversation: -

Oral communication is best when it is face to face. A face-to-face setting is possible between two individuals or among a small group of persons at an interview. Or in a small meeting communication can flow both ways in these situations, her is immediate feedback. Which makes clarification possible. Beside, a face to face setting a richer communication experience, voice, tone, expression and movements adds significant to the words.
Telephone: -

Telephone talks depend on voice. It does not have advantages of physical presence. Clarity of speech and skillful use of voice are important. There can be confusion between similar sounding words like ‘pale’, ‘bale’ or between ‘like’ and ‘light’.
Presentation: -

A presentation has a face-to-face setting. It is formal, well-prepared talk on a specific topic, delved to knowledgeable and interested audience. While touch of humor always enriches a presentation, the general tone is serious and business like. The purpose is to give information there may be the additional purpose to peruse as in a sales presentation.

Public speech: Interview:-Meeting:

2006-11-25T03:09:00.001-08:00

Public speech:-

A public speech or lecture, with or without microphones. Has a face-to-face setting. But the distance between the speaker, as in an open-air public meeting.
The purpose of a public speech may be to entertain to encourage and to inspire much depends on the speaker’s skill in using gesture and using he microphone.
Interview: -

An interview is a meeting at which one person or a panel of persons. Who are the interviewers, discuss a matter with another person or ask questions of another person. Who is the interview? The purpose is usually to Asses to judge whether it would be worthwhile to entire into a business relationship with the others. Each side makes and assessment of the others. And interviews are structured and are characterized by question and answer type of communication. Meeting: -

Meeting involves many persons; there is a chairman or leader who leads and guides the communication and maintains proper order. There is a fixed agenda list of issues to discuss at the meeting. Meeting are of many types from the small committee meeting consisting of three or four person to the large conformance or the shareholders meeting. This type of oral communication is back up by note taking and writing up of minutes.

Parts of letter:

2006-11-25T03:09:00.000-08:00

Parts of letter:

Letterheads:

Leatherheads can be got in several sizes; most companies have letterheads of at leas two sizes; the stander 8.5* 11 inches for two sizes; letters, and smaller 5.5 *8 inches for short letters.

The appearance and the qualities of letter heads makes an important first impression on receiver of the letter good qualities, white paper should be sued for letter stationary.

Letterheads can be designed artists or a computer graphics from, simple element, seems line designed in keeping with modern style.

Date:

Every official document must be dated. The date provides an important point of reference in further correspondence and in following up the issues deals wit in the letter.

The date is placed two line spaces below the heading, on the right. In full block and Noma styles. The date is at the left margin.

In all forms letters, the name of the month is spelled out in full; the year. Is writing in all four figure of the year is separated from the date and moth by a comma, the follows ways.

Bri - 10-oct-2006
Ame - Oct-10-2006

Inside address:

Inside address is the name and address of the receiver. It is typed in block from; only a very few old-fashioned companies use the intend from.

In the intend from the first line beings at margin and the subsequence lines beings two spaces away from the beginning of previous line; a comma follows each line and full stop is placed after the last line. The punctuation take more time to type. And also present a cultured appearance. This style is now obsolete.

In the block from all lines begins at the margin and other is no punctuation at the end of any line. This style looks neat and takes less time to type.

Block:-

Neil Ganga chamber
44, M.G. Road,
Rajkot 380-201

Indented:-

Neil Ganga chamber
44, M.G. Road,
Rajkot 380-201

Attention line&Subject line:

2006-11-25T02:52:00.003-08:00

Attention line:

Attention line is used only if from previous communication. You know the name of person in the organization who is handling the matter about which you are writing. The letter is address to the organization but directed to the attempt of the individuals by name, so that the letter is sent to that person without delay.
The attention line is placed between the inside address and solution, either at the margin or in centre. It does not affect the solution, the solution must match the first time of the inside address.

E.G.
The sun set computer Pvt. Ltd.
M.D. Road,
Anand 380-120
Attan ; Miss A.C. Patel.

If the letter is address by name to an individual in the Comal any. There is no attention line. It is used only when the letter is address to the company or a department in general.
Subject line:

Subject line gives a brief and quick indication of the subject of the letter, it adds to the clarity of letter, especially if the letter I s long. It helps to clarity and files the letter.
It is placed either above or below the solution of the center. It is placed at left margin, when there is an attention line, the subject line is placed after the solution. It is introduce by the words subject or subject.

E.g.
Subject: - Your account no 833839

Dear Sir,
Gentleman: -
Sub: - Your policy no ym2009.
In modern practice, the subject line is placed at margin below the solution. Without any introductory word. It may be in capitals or initial capitals and underlined.

E.g.
Dear Sir,
Your account no 210215.

Solution,Signature&Complimentary close:

2006-11-25T02:52:00.002-08:00

Solution: -

The solutions begin at the margin, two line space below the inside address. It is followed by a comma. In American practice it is followed by a colon; in full block style it has no punctuation mark.

The solution matches the first line of inside address; if the letter is addressed to an organization, the solution is plural. Gentleman or Dear Sirs or sir. If the letter is addressed to a particular officials mentioned only by designation. E.g. ‘The sales manger’ the saluting is singular. Sir or Dear sir. If official is lady, the solution is madam or Dear Madam.
Note – ms can be used before both name ladies/jeans.
Complimentary close:-

The complimentary close is written in two line space below the last line of the text of letter; it is placed on the right and followed by a comma. In full block style and it is placed at the left margin and has no comma. The first word begins with a capital letter.

The most common from is ‘your faithfully’. Other common forms are ‘faithfully your’ truly yours.

If the address’s name is used in the solution. The complimentary close is ‘Yours sincerely’, or ‘Sincerely yours’

Respectfully is used only when writing to a high public official.
Signature:

The signature is placed just below the complimentary close. The name of signature is typed in brackets. Three or four lines space below, and the designation/ title is typed the complete signature include the name of company, either or above below the name and designation of the person who signs; but many companies do not put the company’s name in the signature as it is already in the heading

The following styles are commonly used.

Yours truly,
X.y.z. Pvt. Ltd.
Manager

Yours truly
ABC. Pvt. Ltd.
Sales managers

Enclosure & Postcript

2006-11-25T02:52:00.001-08:00

Enclosure:-

Enclosure are related document sent with a letter, cheques, quotations, broachers, price-list etc. which have been mentioned in the letter are sent as enclosures. They are folded and placed behind the letter in the envelope. If there are many enclosures. The are namely and placed in the order of their serial number.

The enclosure are indicated the letter by writing Enc(s)or Encls; at the bottom corner of letter, after the signature if where is more than one the number is also indicated E.g. Encls 13.
Postscript:

Postscript is a bit of writing note more than three lies added to the letter after the signature and after enclosure. It is signed again, without the complimentary close by the same person. It is used for conversing a small bit information which is not a part of the main message of the letter; it is an extra or underrated point and often written in hand at the time of singing the letter.

Postscript should never be used for adding something which was forgotten while preparing the letter the ideas of using p.s. To add forgotten punts is outdated with word processors. Even if a manual type –writer is belong used the letter must be typed again.
The Postscript can be used to add a friendly person note to a formal letter; it may be just a line, but contact by referring to some common experience or by making a friendly persons enquiry. For instant.

P.s. I was in a meeting yesterday.

The postscript can be used effectively is sales letter to impress an ‘action incentive’ sentence on reader’s mind.

P.s. Do clear your account before the fast approaching festival sector.

Layout of a business letter

2006-11-25T02:52:00.000-08:00

Layout of a business letter:-

Stationery:

Stationary must be of good quality most companies prefer to use pure while paper, A4 size, with black print for heading. The envelop must be of the same quality paper with the same type of print as the letterhead.

The printer and type writer must be maintained well and cleaned regularly; require, good qualities carbon paper must be use for coping.
Typing:

Typing must neat without conciliations or corrections. There should be equal spacing between words and between lines and between different paragraphs and between different parts if the letter. The letter should be place carefully in content of the paragraph leaving equal margins on the sides and at bottom. The margins on the sides and at bottom. The margin are usually one and half inch on the left. One inch and on the right and at least one inch at bottom. If a continuation sheet is used it must have the same margin as the first page.

A suitable style of layout is selected by every organization and all typist are expected to use the adoption the choice full block or modified block style of layout.

Paragraphing:

Paragraphing is necessary for breaking up composition into readable, logical and progressive units. It is also needed for a pleasing appearance. A large block of writing is not pleasant to see; it is restful to the eyes of see a good amount of white space between the reading materials. In a business letter paragraphing is important for appearance as well as for composition.

Letter has three or four paragraph a short opening paragraph which may have only two or one sentences, the longer middle paragraph which carry the main message of the letter; and a short closing paragraph which may be only one sentence.
Folding:

Folding of the letter must be neat. It makes a poor impression if it is badly folded. The size of the folded letter must such as to fit in the envelope leaving enough space for cutting envelope open.
Address:
Address on the envelope is typed half-way down and one third inward from the left. If it is not typed at that spicing space some time stamping effects on it and it became chaotic. It should be typed in block from. it appearance is as important as that of the letter as it is seen before the letter. Note that the practice of writing to is out dated.

Barriers to Communication

2006-11-23T02:59:00.000-08:00

Barriers to communication: -

Communication is not always successful process. Some time communication process going down but although their communication is disturbed by different kinds of barriers.
There are main three types of barriers. Which effects the communication process most of are as under.

1) Psychological barriers.
2) Physical barriers.
3) Sociological barriers.

Physical Barriers: -

Noise: -

Noise is any disturbance, which occurs in the transmission process. Like traffic, factory, oral communication is vary difficult because of the noisy machines.

Tiredness: -

If one of the participants of the communication is psychically and mentally tired. Then there might not be effective communication.

Time: -
It may happen one has to communicate with other in several time limits.

Psychological barriers: -

Self-centered: -
If we looks at everything from the Pont of view. Our interest and desires. We miss some useful information and develop narrow ideas. A person who is highly self-Centered also fails to build up good relationship with other people.

Group identification: -
The entire person has a sense of belonging to a group like family, relative’s people or our locality or city. Our religion, group and so on. Many of our ideas. Attitude are picked up from the group.

Self-Image: -
Self-Image is our ideas about what we are. What we look like. And what impression we make.

Selective Perception: -
We see, read or hear selectively according to our own needs, interest and experience then, it may happen we miss-interpreter it and respond to that.

Defensiveness: -
When we feel threatened by a message. We become defensive and that’s a misunderstand. Such defensive behavior presents understating.

Social barriers: -

Status block: -

The ideas of worker are most likely to go un-heavy because of the social distance between them and the managers. We are living in a society in which we find the people of different status Egg. To our teacher we cannot argue against something, as we have to keep his/her status in our mind.

Language barriers: -

We are always find difficulty to communicate with the person from a different society from us, as human language may not be same as of us.
Wrong use of medium: -
We have to selects medium of language for communication according to situation. For E.g. if you want take higher authority person you have to get the preparation by prime or letter. So selection of medium is important.

Conclusion: -
So, we find all the type of barriers in the process of communication. Barriers can develop unexpectedly since emotion play large parts in the communication